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The S&P 500 stock index showed solid gains on Friday, managing to almost completely recoup losses suffered earlier in the week amid recession fears and a curtailment of global yen-financed trade. The market remained almost flat for the week, despite sharp fluctuations.
Technology was the biggest contributor to the S&P 500's gains on Friday, proving to be the engine that pulled the market out of the negative territory. Meanwhile, the Cboe Volatility Index, known as Wall Street's "fear gauge," fell sharply after a sharp jump earlier in the week.
The market had a particularly bad start to the week, with a sharp drop on Monday continuing the sell-off that began the previous week. Investors were spooked by a weaker-than-expected July employment report, raising concerns about a possible recession. In response, many began to close their carry trades linked to the Japanese yen.
"Investors are trying to determine whether the market has bottomed out," said Robert Phipps, managing director at Per Stirling Capital Management in Austin, Texas. He said the market is in a period of high uncertainty, and participants are actively looking for signals for further action.
The Federal Reserve said Thursday that slowing inflation is setting the stage for a possible rate cut in the future. However, they said any decisions would be based on current economic data, adding to the uncertainty.
It's been a volatile week, with investors eagerly awaiting more data on inflation, corporate earnings, and presidential polls. These could be key factors in determining the direction of U.S. stocks and helping to smooth out the current market turbulence.
The quiet months in U.S. stock markets have suddenly given way to bouts of volatility. Sharp price movements became a new reality for investors in August, driven by a string of worrisome economic data that coincided with the completion of a major deal financed by the Japanese yen. The deal triggered the biggest selloff in stocks this year. Despite recent recovery efforts, the S&P 500 remains 6% below its all-time high set last month, though it has rebounded from a dramatic plunge earlier in the week.
While the past few days have brought relief in the form of rising stocks, experts warn against expecting calm to return to markets anytime soon. Historical data on the Cboe Volatility Index, also known as Wall Street's "fear gauge," shows that periodic spikes in volatility can last for months. On Monday, the index posted its biggest one-day gain, indicating a high degree of anxiety among investors.
The Cboe index measures demand for options, which provide protection against sharp market swings. When the index closes above 35, as it did on Monday, it takes about 170 trading sessions on average for the market to return to calmer levels. This is in line with the index's long-term median of 17.6, signaling significantly less anxiety among market participants.
A new potential test for the market is on the horizon. On Wednesday, U.S. consumer price data will be released. If inflation shows too sharp a decline, it could fuel concerns that the Federal Reserve has made a mistake in leaving interest rates high for too long. This could lead to further market instability as investors worry that tight monetary policy will push the economy into recession.
U.S. stocks, which have been going through periods of ups and downs, are in a state of heightened anxiety, and there are no signs that this situation will change quickly. Investors continue to watch the new data closely, hoping for stability that so far seems out of reach.
Friday's trading ended with a slight increase in the main indices, which allowed them to compensate for some of the weekly losses. The Dow Jones Industrial Average added 51.05 points, which corresponds to an increase of 0.13%, and reached 39,497.54. The S&P 500 index rose by 24.85 points, or 0.47%, closing at 5,344.16. The Nasdaq Composite also showed positive dynamics, increasing by 85.28 points, or 0.51%, and ended trading at 16,745.30.
Despite the positive end of the week, the indicators for the week as a whole were in the negative. The S&P 500 fell 0.05%, the Dow Jones lost 0.6%, and the Nasdaq Composite slipped 0.2%. The current market situation reflects the nervousness of investors who are waiting for more signals from the Federal Reserve.
Michael James, managing director of equities at Wedbush Securities, notes that the market will remain in a state of heightened uncertainty until the next Federal Reserve meeting on September 17-18. The main focus of traders is on whether the Fed will decide to cut interest rates by 25 or 50 basis points. According to CME Group, the probability of a 50 basis point cut is estimated at 51%, while the probability of a softer 25 basis point cut is 49%.
In addition to the Fed's decisions, investors are eagerly awaiting consumer price and retail sales data for July, due out next week. These figures could provide a clearer picture of whether the U.S. economy will avoid a hard landing and provide direction for the market going forward.
Despite recent wobbles, all three major indexes have continued to post strong gains since the start of 2024, helped by strong earnings from major tech companies and optimism around artificial intelligence. Stocks have shown strong gains early in the year, helping the market stay positive amid the overall turbulence.
Investors continue to watch the events unfold, awaiting more economic data and policy decisions to see where the market will head in the near future.
The S&P 500 and Nasdaq have both posted impressive gains to end the year, up about 12% each since Dec. 31. The recent selloff in stocks has made tech stocks more affordable on a price-to-earnings basis, bringing them back into the spotlight.
Friday's trading was marked by gains for individual stocks, particularly in the tech and entertainment sectors. Video game publisher Take-Two Interactive Software jumped 4.4% after forecasting higher net bookings in fiscal years 2026 and 2027. Meanwhile, online travel agency Expedia rose 10.2% after reporting quarterly earnings that beat analysts' expectations.
Trading volume on U.S. exchanges on Friday was 11.13 billion shares, slightly below the 20-day average of 12.59 billion. Advancing stocks outnumbered declining stocks on the New York Stock Exchange by a 1.39-to-1 ratio. However, the situation was slightly different on the Nasdaq, with decliners outnumbering gainers by a 1.14-to-1 ratio.
The S&P 500 posted 15 new 52-week highs and just three new lows, while the Nasdaq Composite was more mixed, with 52 new highs and 159 new lows. The data reflects continued uncertainty in the market despite the overall gains in the indices.
Futures markets are increasingly biased toward the Federal Reserve cutting its benchmark interest rate by 50 basis points at its next meeting in September. The probability of this scenario is estimated at 55%, a sharp change from the 5% chance recorded a month ago.
Slower wage growth confirms that economic risks in the U.S. are becoming more balanced, especially against the backdrop of lower inflation and slower economic activity, said Oscar Munoz, chief U.S. macro strategist at TD Securities, emphasizing that the current economic environment requires special attention and caution from investors and analysts.
The market remains in a state of anticipation, and the coming months will show whether U.S. stocks can continue their rally or face new challenges.
Corporate earnings for the second quarter did not have a significant impact on the market, leaving investors in uncertainty. Charles Lemonides, head of hedge fund ValueWorks LLC, said the results were neither strong nor weak enough to provide a clear direction for the market.
The S&P 500 reported results that were, on average, 4.1% above analysts' estimates. That's close to the long-term average of 4.2% above expectations, according to LSEG. While the results suggest stability, they haven't significantly changed market sentiment.
Investors will be focused on earnings next week from giants like Walmart and Home Depot, which could provide insight into how U.S. consumers are coping with the effects of a prolonged period of high interest rates. Also expected by the end of the month is earnings from chip giant Nvidia, whose shares have already risen an impressive 110% year-to-date despite recent market wobbles.
The Federal Reserve's annual meeting in Jackson Hole, scheduled for August 22-24, will be a key venue for monetary policy discussions ahead of the Fed's September meeting. The event is attracting investors' attention because it could provide insight into the regulator's next steps amid ongoing economic uncertainty.
Lemonides, an investment expert, believes that recent market volatility is a natural and healthy correction in a strong bull market. He sees it as an opportunity for strategic investing and recently began building positions in Amazon.com, betting on a recovery from the recent weakness in its shares.
The U.S. presidential race is also adding uncertainty to the market. According to an Ipsos poll released Thursday, Democratic candidate Kamala Harris leads Republican Donald Trump 42% to 37% in the upcoming November 5 election. Political instability will certainly be a factor in investor sentiment in the coming months.
Investors continue to monitor developments, waiting for new data and signals that will help determine the future direction of the markets.
Vice President Kamala Harris officially entered the presidential race on July 21, after President Joe Biden ended his campaign following a poor performance in the June 27 debate against Donald Trump. The decision significantly changed the political landscape, adding intrigue to the race.
With three months to go until the November 5 election, investors are bracing for more surprises in what has already been a dramatic election year. According to JPMorgan analysts, the early stages of the campaign provided a clearer picture of the likely outcome of the presidential and congressional elections, but recent events have once again thrown the outcome into doubt.
Chris Marangi, co-chief investment officer at Gabelli Funds, predicts that the presidential race will inevitably lead to increased volatility in financial markets. However, he believes that the expected rate cuts in September could cause capital to rotate into sectors of the market that have been lagging amid the dominance of Big Tech.
"We expect volatility to increase during the election period, but at the same time, we expect the market to continue to rotate as lower rates offset economic weakness," Marangi said.
The election year has already become one of the most unpredictable in recent memory, and investors continue to closely monitor political events, trying to assess their impact on the economy and markets. As November approaches, volatility is likely to only increase, adding new challenges for all market participants.
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